Sunday, September 02, 2018

Grice in Othello III.3

After listening to Lingthusiasm episode 11, it seems to me that Iago nicely deploys the Gricean maxims of relevance and manner in gulling Othello (e.g. III.3.94-104).

1.  Manner

Here, Iago's manner draws attention to his words; he breaks himself off, as if he were uncertain about whether or not to speak:
IAGO:  My noble lord--
OTHELLO:  What dost thou say, Iago?
And of course, Othello immediately asks about it (as most people will in such circumstances).

Some 20-25 lines later, Othello also comments on Iago's halting speech, essentially laying bare his presumptions about Gricean cooperation in his good friend Iago -- even while manifesting awareness that "false disloyal knaves" might counterfeit such starts:
And, for I know thou'rt full of love and honesty,
And weigh'st thy words before thou givest them breath,
Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more:
For such things in a false disloyal knave
Are tricks of custom, but in a man that's just
They are close delations, working from the heart
That passion cannot rule...

2.  Relevance (and possibly quality and quantity)

Here is relevance at work, as Iago takes an irrelevant fact (and one he already knows) and gives it a seeming weight or significance (while pretending to be uncertain of it, cf. quality):
IAGO:  Did Michael Cassio, when you woo'd my lady, / Know of your love?
OTHELLO:  He did, from first to last: why dost thou ask?
IAGO:  But for a satisfaction of my thought; / No further harm.
The slight over-assurance ("No further harm") may trigger the maxim of quantity.  In any event, Othello falls for it and follows up to discover the relevance, asking:
OTHELLO: Why of thy thought, Iago?
IAGO:  I did not think he had been acquainted with her.
3.  Manner 

And here Iago starts echoing Othello's words, as if he were stalling for time and trying not to answer his questions (i.e., as if he were trying to conceal unpleasant answers).
OTHELLO:  Indeed! ay, indeed: discern'st thou aught in that?  / Is he not honest?
IAGO: Honest, my lord!
OTHELLO:  Honest! ay, honest.
* * *
OTHELLO: What dost thou think?
IAGO:  Think, my lord!
OTHELLO:  Think, my lord!
Othello again presumes "cooperative" speech on Iago's part, and comments on it:
OTHELLO: By heaven, he echoes me,
As if there were some monster in his thought
Too hideous to be shown. Thou dost mean something...


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